Farming is becoming more and more popular as the world blunders into the twenty-first century.
Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid
The cropping season in India starts in June and ends in October where monsoon crops are cultivated and harvested. Crops Grown: Bajra, Jowar, Maize (corn), Millet, Rice (paddy and deepwater rice), and Soybean
The season where crops are sown in mid-November and harvested in April/May is called Rabi Season. Crops Grown: Barley, Gram, Rapeseed, Mustard, Oat, Wheat, and Bajra
Since the Zaid crops are also called summer crops, they are sown and harvested between March and June. Crops Grown: Pumpkin, Cucumber, and Bitter Gourd
The soil in which it is to be grown is prepared by ploughing, levelling, and manuring. Ploughing is loosening and digging of soil using a plough. After ploughing, the soil is distributed evenly and levelled in the process called levelling. The soil is then manured.
Selection of seeds of good quality crop strains is the primary stage of sowing. After the preparation of soil, these seeds are dispersed in the field and this is called sowing. Sowing can be done manually, by hand or by using seed drilling machines.
Manuring is the step where nutritional supplements are provided and these supplements may be natural (manure) or chemical compounds (fertilizers).
Irrigation is the supply of water. Sources of water can be wells, ponds, lakes, canals, dams etc. Over irrigation may lead to waterlogging and damage the crop. This frequency and interval between successive irrigation need to be controlled.
Weeds are unwanted plants which grow among crops. They are removed by using weedicides, by manually pulling them with hands and some are removed during soil preparation.
Once the crop is matured, it is cut and gathered, this process is called harvesting. Followed by harvesting, grains are separated from the chaff either by threshing, or manually in small scale (winnowing).
Grains yielded are stored in granaries or bins at godowns for later use or marketing. Therefore, methods of crop protection need to be better. In order to protect grains from pest and rodents- cleaning, drying, fumigation, etc., are done prior to storing.
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